Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Pare (Momordica charantia L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus Dan Klebsiella pneumonia Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a contagious disease that affects the respiratory tract organs such as the sinuses, middle ear cavity until the pleura. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are bacteria that causes ARI. This research aums to determine the effect of bitter melon leaf extract (Momordica charantia L.) on the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which causes ISPA by measuring the inhibition zone of these bacteria growth. The bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaf extract was prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent and tested for its bacterial growth inhibitory using the disc diffusion agar method with MHA media. Furthermore, the extract was made with a concentration of 5,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 15,000 ppm as well as with a comparison of 50 ppm amoxicillin and control of Na CMC. The results showed that the mean bacterial growth inhibitory (mm) of the test material respectively at concentrations of 5,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, 15,000 ppm, amoxicillin 50 ppm and Na CMC: for Streptococcus pneumoniae were 9,36; 12; 13,53; 17,75; 0. For Staphylococcus aureus were 16,82; 17,82; 22,24; 21,61; 0. For Staphylococcus epidermidis were 16,99; 18,78; 21,81; 22,11; 0. And for Klebsiella pneumonia were 11,82; 13,45; 14,7; 15,88; 0. Conclusion; Bitter melon leaf extract (Momordica charantia L.) influences the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis as the cause of ARI.

Keywords: bitter melon leaf, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, ARI

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit infeksi yang menyerang organ  saluran napas seperti sinus, rongga telinga tengah hingga pleura. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis penyebab ISPA adalah beberapa bakteri yang sering ditemukan sebagai penyebab ISPA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis penyebab ISPAdengan mengukur zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut. Ekstrak Daun Pare (Momordica charantia L.) dibuat dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan diuji daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri menggunakan metode disc diffusion agar menggunakan media MHA. Ekstrak daun pare dibuat dengan konsentrasi 5.000 ppm, 10.000 ppm dan 15.000 ppm dengan pembanding amoksisilin 50 ppm dan kontrol Na CMC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata daya hambat (mm) pertumbuhan bakteri berturut-turut untuk bahan uji ekstrak daun pare konsentrasi 5.000 ppm, 10.000 ppm, 15.000 ppm, amoksisilin 50 ppm dan Na CMC: untuk Streptococcus pneumoniae adalah 9,36; 12; 13,53; 17,75; 0. Untuk Staphylococcus aureus adalah 16,82; 17,82; 22,24; 21,61; 0. Untuk  Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah 16,99; 18,78; 21,81; 22,11; 0. Untuk Klebsiella pneumonia  adalah 11,82; 13,45; 14,7; 15,88; 0. Kesimpulan; ekstrak daun pare (Momordica charantia L.) berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis penyebab ISPA.

Kata kunci: daun pare, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, ISPA